Boşanma zamanı nikah əmlakı: Hollandiyada necə bölünür?

On a Dutch divorce, your property is divided according to the matrimonial property regime that applied during your marriage. If you married on or after 1 January 2018, the default is a limited community of property (beperkte gemeenschap van goederen): what each of you owned before the marriage, and gifts and inheritances, stay personal, while what you build up during the marriage is shared. If you married before that date, the default was a general community of property (algemene gemeenschap van goederen), in which virtually everything was shared.

Either default can be set aside by prenuptial conditions (huwelijkse voorwaarden), most often to keep a business out of the shared estate. Our article on nikahdan əvvəl müqavilələr bunun necə işlədiyini izah edir.

Evliliyinizə hansı rejim tətbiq olunur?

Bunu evliliyinizin tarixi və hər hansı bir nikahdan əvvəlki müqavilə müəyyən edir. Nikahdan əvvəlki şərtlər olmadan, 1 yanvar 2018-ci il tarixindən bağlanmış nikah məhdud icmaya aiddir; daha yaşlı nikah isə ümumi icmaya tabedir.

Under the limited community, Article 1:94 of the Dutch Civil Code (BW) excludes gifts, inheritances and property each spouse already owned alone before the wedding. Under the old general community, a gift or inheritance only stayed outside if the donor or testator had included an exclusion clause. Our article on Hollandiyanın nikah qanunu covers the position during the marriage.

Boşanma məsələsində cəmiyyət necə bölünüb?

The community is dissolved and divided in equal shares: each of you is in principle entitled to half its value (Article 1:100 BW). Debts within the community are shared as well, which regularly surprises the spouse who did not incur them.

The composition of the community is fixed at the moment the divorce petition is filed with the court (Article 1:99 BW). Assets and debts that arise after that date in principle no longer fall into it. Three questions then come up: what is shared and what is personal, what is everything worth and at what date, and who takes which asset with any difference settled in money.

Aktivin şəxsi olduğunu kim sübut etməlidir?

The spouse who claims an asset is personal must prove it. If that cannot be shown, Article 1:94 BW treats the asset as community property.

Useful evidence includes purchase documents, bank statements that trace the funds, a deed of gift, or a will with an exclusion clause. Keep an inheritance received during the marriage traceable, for example in a separate account, rather than merging it into a joint account.

Geri ödəmə tələbi nədir?

A reimbursement claim (vergoedingsrecht) arises when personal money is used for a shared asset, or shared money for a personal one. It exists between the spouses and is settled on division.

Since the 2012 reform, Article 1:87 BW provides that such a claim in principle shares in the increase or decrease in value of the asset concerned. For consumable goods it is always the nominal amount, and spouses can agree otherwise. A contribution to your partner’s house made years ago can therefore be worth considerably more, or less, than what you paid.

Ailənin evinə nə olur?

The home is the most common sticking point, because the outcome depends on a third party: the mortgage lender must be willing to release one spouse from the loan. If it refuses, neither an agreement between you nor a court decision can force it, and the house is then often sold.

Pensiya hüquqları necə bölünür?

Retirement pension built up during the marriage is dealt with under the Pension Equalisation (Divorce) Act (Wet verevening pensioenrechten bij scheiding) of 1994, not as part of the community. You can agree otherwise in prenuptial conditions or a divorce settlement.

To receive your share directly from the pension administrator, notify it within two years after the divorce using the prescribed form. Missing that period does not end your right, but you then have to collect your share from your former spouse yourself.

What should you check as a spouse before dividing?

Both spouses face the same questions, and the answers depend on documents. Gather them before you negotiate.

• Check your wedding date and whether prenuptial conditions were signed at a notary.
• List all assets and debts as at the date the divorce petition was filed.
• Collect evidence for every asset you claim as personal, such as a deed of gift or a will.
• Trace personal money used for shared assets, and vice versa, for reimbursement claims.
• Ask the mortgage lender early whether it will release one of you.
• Note the two-year deadline for notifying the pension administrator.

What can we do for you with the division of property on divorce?

Our work on divorces is explained on our ailə vəkili page; for the division we can:

• determine which regime applies and what falls inside and outside the community;
• calculate reimbursement claims and their current value;
• draft the division agreement (verdelingsakte) or the divorce settlement;
• conduct the negotiations with your spouse’s lawyer, or the court procedure on the division.

xülasə

• 1 yanvar 2018-ci il tarixində və ya ondan sonra nikahdan əvvəlki şərtlər olmadan evlənib: məhdud mülkiyyət ortaqlığı. Daha əvvəl evlənib: ümumi mülkiyyət ortaqlığı.
• Boşanma zamanı icma bərabər hissələrə bölünür, borclar da daxil olmaqla; onun tərkibi boşanma ərizəsi verildikdə müəyyən edilir.
• Əgər aktivin şəxsi olduğunu sübut edə bilmirsinizsə, o, ortaq mülkiyyət kimi sayılır.
• Reimbursement claims in principle follow the change in value of the asset concerned.
• The house depends on the lender’s cooperation; pension rights follow the equalisation rules, with notice to the administrator within two years.

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